Dec 17, 2014 | ccna, Cisco en, EIGRP en, Learn and Teach, Routing Protocol en
Broadcast, used for mapping DLCIs, is essential when implementing multipoint frame relay hub and spoke networks. It must be configured with frame relay mapping for its multicast packets, including routing protocol update massages such as Cisco EIGRP, to be sent through the frame relay switch or cloud.
In our simulated procedure, full connection between all three routers in the Cisco packet tracer was not attained. However, it will function in a physical Cisco router. Nevertheless, when using it, consider compatibility issues and the Cisco IOS version.
Serial Interface Port and Frame Relay
NY-R
- Router>enRouter#conf t
Router(config)#hostname NY-R
NY-R(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
NY-R(config-if)#ip address 10.11.0.2 255.255.255.248
NY-R(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay ietf
NY-R(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
NY-R(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.11.0.1 200 broadcast
NY-R(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.11.0.3 200
NY-R(config-if)#no shutdown
NY-R(config-if)#end
NY-R#copy run start
HQ-R
- Router>enRouter#conf t
Router(config)#hostname HQ-R
HQ-R(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
HQ-R(config-if)#ip address 10.11.0.1 255.255.255.248
HQ-R(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay ietf
HQ-R(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
HQ-R(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.11.0.2 100 broadcast
HQ-R(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.11.0.3 101 broadcast
HQ-R(config-if)#no shutdown
HQ-R(config-if)#end
HQ-R#copy run start
LN-R
- Router>enRouter#conf t
Router(config)#hostname LN-R
LN-R(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
LN-R(config-if)#ip address 10.11.0.3 255.255.255.248
LN-R(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay ietf
LN-R(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
LN-R(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.11.0.1 300 broadcast
LN-R(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.11.0.2 300
LN-R(config-if)#no shutdown
LN-R(config-if)#end
LN-R#copy run start
Below are examples of errors that may occur if broadcast is not used at the end DLCI mapping. Should they occur in Cisco packet tracer, they may not necessarily do so in a physical router.
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 2: Neighbor 10.11.0.2 (Serial0/0/0) is down: holding time expired
- LN-R(config-if)#exitLN-R(config)#exit
LN-R#copy run start
Router Serial Interface Port Bandwidth
HQ-R
- HQ-R>enableHQ-R#configure terminal
HQ-R(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
HQ-R(config-if)#bandwidth 128
HQ-R(config-if)#ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 1 50
HQ-R(config-if)#end
HQ-R#copy run start
LN-R
NY-R
FastEthernet Interface port implementation
NY-R
- NY-R>enNY-R#conf t
NY-R(config)#interface fa0/0
NY-R(config-if)#ip address 172.20.4.65 255.255.255.248
NY-R(config-if)#no shutdown
NY-R(config-if)#interface fa0/1
NY-R(config-if)#ip address 172.20.4.89 255.255.255.248
NY-R(config-if)#no shutdown
NY-R(config-if)#end
NY-R#copy run start
LN-R
- LN-R#conf tLN-R(config)#interface fa0/0
LN-R(config-if)#ip address 172.20.5.97 255.255.255.248
LN-R(config-if)#no shutdown
LN-R(config-if)#interface fa0/1
LN-R(config-if)#ip address 172.20.5.65 255.255.255.248
LN-R(config-if)#no shutdown
LN-R(config-if)#end
LN-R#copy run start
LN-R#
How to configure EIGRP and autonomous system number (ASN) to connect the three routers together.
EIGRP and Autonomous system number (2)
HQ-R
- HQ-R>enableHQ-R#conf t
HQ-R(config)#router eigrp 2
HQ-R(config-router)#network 10.11.0.0
HQ-R(config-router)#no auto-summary
HQ-R(config-router)#end
HQ-R#copy run start
LN-R
- LN-R#conf tLN-R(config)#router eigrp 2
LN-R(config-router)#network 10.11.0.0
LN-R(config-router)#network 172.20.5.0
LN-R(config-router)#no auto-summary
LN-R(config-router)#end
LN-R#copy run start
NY-R Router
- NY-R>enNY-R#conf t
NY-R(config)#router eigrp 2
NY-R(config-router)#network 10.11.0.0
NY-R(config-router)#network 172.20.4.0
NY-R(config-router)#no auto-summary
NY-R(config-router)#end
NY-R#copy run start
To configure a summary route manually in EIGRP
Autonomous system number 2 specifies that the manually summarized route be sent out to nieghbors (with 2). This enables administrators to control it and saves time in reducing the various possible routes on the table to one direct path.
Summary route, manual
NY-R
LN-R
no ip split-horizon eigrp allows advertised routes to reach all the network. Configure it in EIGRP routing domain with autonomous system number 2.
Configure non-broadcast EIGRP mode on the Routers to enable EIGRP to send uncast packets out of the interface automatically. Verify it with show ip eigrp nieghbors
- HQ-R>enHQ-R#conf t
HQ-R(config)#router eigrp 2
HQ-R(config-router)#neighbor 10.11.0.2 serial s0/0/0
HQ-R(config-router)#neighbor 10.11.0.3 serial s0/0/0
HQ-R(config-if)#end
HQ-R#copy run start
- LN-R>enLN-R#conf t
LN-R(config)#router eigrp 2
LN-R(config-router)#neighbor 10.11.0.1 serial s0/0/0
LN-R(config-if)#end
LN-R#copy run start
- NY-R>enNY-R#conf t
NY-R(config)#router eigrp 2
NY-R(config-router)#neighbor 10.11.0.1 serial s0/0/0
NY-R(config-if)#end
NY-R#copy run start
A non physical network can be simulated by implementing a loopback interface with ip address, which is also useful for investigation and test purposes
Loopback interface configuration
NY-R
- NY-R#conf t.NY-R(config)#interface loopback1
NY-R(config-if)#ip address 172.20.7.65 255.255.255.248
NY-R(config-if)#exit
NY-R(config)#interface loopback10
NY-R(config-if)#ip address 172.20.6.89 255.255.255.248
NY-R(config-if)#interface loopback11
NY-R(config-if)#ip address 172.20.10.89 255.255.255.248
NY-R(config-if)#end
NY-R#copy run start
Verify the routing table and EIGRP function with:
- NY-R#show ip routeNY-R#show ip eigrp topology
Check connection with ping on CMD in Microsoft Windows or Linux terminal.
Additional info. for frame relay
Frame Relay is a layer 2 WAN protocol and operates at the data layer of the OSI. One of its drawbacks is not to be able to ping its own interface to test connectivity. Although to do so, puts more burden on resources. Implementation:
Errors indicate that IP mapping address is present in the same subnet network. Some examples of errors:
%Address already in map
- LN-R(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.11.0.1 100
%Address already in map
May 27, 2014 | ccna, CCNA en, chapter 3, Chapter 3 Exam Question Answers 2013 – Introduction to Networks (Version 5.0), Learn and Teach
Chapter 3 Exam Question Answers 2013 – Introduction to Networks (Version 5.0)
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1. A computer in a given network is communicating with a specific group of computers. What type of communication is this?
Multicast
2. What method can be used by two computers to ensure that packets are not dropped because too much data is being sent too quickly?
flow control
3. Which protocol is responsible for controlling the size and rate of the HTTP messages exchanged between server and client?
TCP
4. A user is viewing an HTML document located on a web server. What protocol segments the messages and manages the segments in the individual conversation between the web server and the web client?
TCP
5. A web client is sending a request for a webpage to a web server. From the perspective of the client, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to prepare the request for transmission?
HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet
6. What are proprietary protocols?
protocols developed by organizations who have control over their definition and operation
7. Which IEEE standard enables a wireless NIC to connect to a wireless AP that is made by a different manufacturer?
802.11
8. What is an advantage of network devices using open standard protocols?
A client host and a server running different operating systems can successfully exchange data.
9. What is a function of Layer 4 of the OSI model?
to describe the ordered and reliable delivery of data between source and destination
10. Which statement is true about the TCP/IP and OSI models?
The TCP/IP transport layer and OSI Layer 4 provide similar services and functions.
11. What is a benefit of using a layered model for network communications?
fostering competition among device and software vendors by enforcing the compatibility of their products
12. What is the general term that is used to describe a piece of data at any layer of a networking model?
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protocol data unit
13. Which PDU format is used when bits are received from the network medium by the NIC of a host?
Frame
14. At which layer of the OSI model would a logical address be encapsulated?
Network layer
15. Which statement accurately describes a TCP/IP encapsulation process when a PC is sending data to the network?
Segments are sent from the transport layer to the internet layer.
16. What statement describes the function of the Address Resolution Protocol?
ARP is used to discover the MAC address of any host on the local network.
17. Which address provides a unique host address for data communications at the internet layer?
logical address
18. Which address does a NIC use when deciding whether to accept a frame?
destination MAC address
19. A user sends an HTTP request to a web server on a remote network. During encapsulation for this request, what information is added to the address field of a frame to indicate the destination?
the MAC address of the default gateway
20. If the default gateway is configured incorrectly on the host, what is the impact on communications?
The host can communicate with other hosts on the local network, but is unable to communicate with hosts on remote networks.
21. IEEE -> is a professional organization for those in the electrical engineering and electronics fields. It creates and maintains standards affecting a wide range of industries including telecommunications, and networking.
EIA -> is an international standards and trade organization for electronics organizations. It is best known for its standards related to electrical wiring, connectors, and the 19-inch racks used to mount networking equipment.
22. Open the PT Activity. Perform the tasks in the activity instructions and then answer the question.
Based on the configured network, what IP address would PC1 and PC2 use as their default gateway?
192.168.1.1
May 26, 2014 | ccna, Learn and Teach
Chapter 1 Routing Protocols Exam Question Answers 2013 v.5
Chapter 1 Exam Question Answers 2013 – Routing Protocols (Version 5.0) – RP
1. A computer in a given network is communicating with a specific group of computers. What type of communication is this?
Multicast
2. What method can be used by two computers to ensure that packets are not dropped because too much data is being sent too quickly?
flow control
3. Which protocol is responsible for controlling the size and rate of the HTTP messages exchanged between server and client?
TCP
4. A user is viewing an HTML document located on a web server. What protocol segments the messages and manages the segments in the individual conversation between the web server and the web client?
TCP
5. A web client is sending a request for a webpage to a web server. From the perspective of the client, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to prepare the request for transmission?
HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet
6. What are proprietary protocols?
protocols developed by organizations who have control over their definition and operation
7. Which IEEE standard enables a wireless NIC to connect to a wireless AP that is made by a different manufacturer?
802.11
8. What is an advantage of network devices using open standard protocols?
A client host and a server running different operating systems can successfully exchange data.
9. What is a function of Layer 4 of the OSI model?
to describe the ordered and reliable delivery of data between source and destination
10. Which statement is true about the TCP/IP and OSI models?
The TCP/IP transport layer and OSI Layer 4 provide similar services and functions.
11. What is a benefit of using a layered model for network communications?
fostering competition among device and software vendors by enforcing the compatibility of their products
12. What is the general term that is used to describe a piece of data at any layer of a networking model?
protocol data unit
13. Which PDU format is used when bits are received from the network medium by the NIC of a host?
Frame
14. At which layer of the OSI model would a logical address be encapsulated?
Network layer
15. Which statement accurately describes a TCP/IP encapsulation process when a PC is sending data to the network?
Segments are sent from the transport layer to the internet layer.
16. What statement describes the function of the Address Resolution Protocol?
ARP is used to discover the MAC address of any host on the local network.
17. Which address provides a unique host address for data communications at the internet layer?
logical address
18. Which address does a NIC use when deciding whether to accept a frame?
destination MAC address
19. A user sends an HTTP request to a web server on a remote network. During encapsulation for this request, what information is added to the address field of a frame to indicate the destination?
the MAC address of the default gateway
20. If the default gateway is configured incorrectly on the host, what is the impact on communications?
The host can communicate with other hosts on the local network, but is unable to communicate with hosts on remote networks.
21.
IEEE -> is a professional organization for those in the electrical engineering and electronics fields. It creates and maintains standards affecting a wide range of industries including telecommunications, and networking.
EIA -> is an international standards and trade organization for electronics organizations. It is best known for its standards related to electrical wiring, connectors, and the 19-inch racks used to mount networking equipment.
22. Open the PT Activity. Perform the tasks in the activity instructions and then answer the question.
Based on the configured network, what IP address would PC1 and PC2 use as their default gateway?
192.168.1.1
Apr 10, 2014 | ccna, cisco, domain, hardware, Learn and Teach, network, software, Technology, الشبكات, سيسكو, عالم الشبكات, ما هي الشبكات
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله و بركاته
الكثير منا لم يكن يعرف ماهي الشبكات ؟ اذا اول سؤال يجب ان نسأله لنفسنا ماهي الشبكات
قبل ذلك اريد ان اذكر بشئ بسيط :
اخي المبتدأ ارغب ان اشرح لك معنى تقنية المعلومات IT بصوره مختصره فالشبكات جزء منها
تقنيتة المعلومات تنقسم الى قسمين
الاول / SOFTWARE , C , C++ , JAVA etc………
الثاني :
Hardware , MCSE ,MCITP,CCNA,CCNP …..etc
بمعنى اخر او بتقسيم اخر
LAN : SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR الشبكه المحليه
الشبكه الواسعه WAN : NETWORK/ SECURITY ADMINISTRATOR
اذا اردنا العمل مع الشبكه المحليه هذا يعني اننا سنحتاج للاتي
1-اكثر من كمبيوتر واحد
2- O/S نظام تشغيل و سوف اشرح انظمة التشغيل بصوره سريعه
مايكروسوفت انتج ما يسمى بي :
ا- نظام التشغيل الخاص بالمستخدم CLIENT
و هي من الاقدم الى الاحدث
WIN 3.11
WIN 95
WIN 98
WIN 2000 PRO
WIN XP SP1,SP2,SP3
WIN VISTA
WIN 7
ب-نظام التشغيل المتحكم بالمستخدم SERVERS
و هي من الاقدم الى الاحدث
WIN SERVER NT 4.0
WIN SERVER 2000 بإصدارات ثلاثه هي
interprise, web, data center
WIN SERVER 2003 OR MCSE
WIN SERVER 2008 OR MCITP
LINUX ,SUN ايضا لا ننسى انظمة التشغيل هذه و هي ذات حمايه عاليه جدا و اغلب شركات الاتصالات تعمل بهذه الانواع من انظمة التشغيل اذا كانت الشركه معنمده على اجهزه من شركة IBM و هي شركه مصنعه للسيرفرات و غيرها .
3- و نعود مرة اخرى و نذكر ثالث احتياجاتنا لعمل شبكه محليه NIC او ما يطلق عليه كرت الشبكه فمن غيره لايوجد شبكه و البورت الذي به او المدخل يسمى ETHERNET , FAST ETHERNET , GIGA ETHERNET
4-الكيبل CABLE و سأتحدث عنها في نقاط سريعه و التفصيل انت ستبحث عنه انا اعطيك الطريقه فقط كيف و بماذا تبدأ و لماذا ؟
النوع الاول: COXIAL
النوع الثاني : TWISTED و ينقسم الى نوعين و الفرق بينهما ان الاول صلب و ينكسر بسرعه لذلك غير مستخدم
لثاني مرن و يسهل التعامل معه
الاول STP shielded twisted pair و هذا هو النوع الصلب الغير مستخدم
الثاني UTP unshielded twisted pair و ههذا النوع المرن و يتكون من 8 اسلاك , و منها نوعان احدها للهاتف cat 1 RJ 11 2mbps
cat2 4mbps
cat3 10mbps
cat 4 16mbps
cat5 و هذا يستخدم للنت و يركب بكلبس يسمى RJ45 100MBPS
cat 6 1000 mbps
النوع الثالث / الفايبر اوبتيك يعني لازم تتعرف على جميع الكيبل
اريد من الجميع التركيز هنا
5- protocols و هذا ما سنحتاج الى معرفته لان الشبكه كلها تعمل ببرتكولات
6- الاجهزه الموصله other divices : switch , hub ,
يعني لازم تتعرف على كل انواع الاجهزه المستخدمه
بعد اعداد كل هذا سنصل سنكون قد انجزنا شبكه محليه و لكن ايضا هناك شئ صغير يجب ان نعرفه
اذا كانت الشبكه مرتبطه من غير متحكم تسمى WORKGROUP
اذا كانت مرتبطه بمتحكم اي سيرفير 2008 او 2003 او غيره تسمى دومين DOMAIN و هذا النوع تعمل به الشركات حتى تتحكم في مسار عمل الشركه و الموظفين و تسهيل نقل البيانات من مكان لاخر.
نأتي هنا و للاهم المهم و الذهب و الالماس عالم سيسكو :
بكل بساطه في الاعلى ذكرت ان الشركات تعمل بدومين هذا يعني ان الشركه اصبحت تتعامل بالكمبيوتر مربوطه ببعضها البعض اي هناك شبكه و في موقع محدد مثلا الرياض
قام صاحب الشركه بإنشاء فرع اخر في احدى المدن او الدول بالتأكيد سوف يقوم بتجهيز الفرع الجديد بكمبيوترات , او فالنقل سيقوم بعمل شبكه محليه للفرع لتسهيل العمل كما في الرياض
صاحب الشركه يريد ان يربط شبكة الفرع الجديد بالشركة الرئيسيه في الرياض ماذا سيحدث او ماذا سنفعل هنا ؟
سيأتي دور سيسكو اي اننا سنتعامل مع الراوترز و السويتش من الطبقه الثانيه و سوتيش من الطبقه الثالثه و هي تعمل عمل الراوتر ايضا حديثه جدا
فأجهزة سيسكو هي التي تعمل على ربط تلك المددينتين او الدولتين ببعضهما البعض و تسمى هذه الشبكه بالشبكه الواسعه WAN
سأكتفي بهذا الان وسأكمل بقية القصه و سأدلك اخي الى طريقك نحو كيفية دراسة و تطبيق الشبكه الواسعه و اعتقد ان المنتدى به الكثير من الدرر النفيسه مثل الاستاذ عدنان و غيره من الاخوان الافاضل و هذا الطرح هو طرح مبدأي لك اخي المبتدأ حتى تعرف ماهي الشبكه الواسعه و علاقتها بالشبكه المحليه و لكي تحدد ان كنت تريد ان تصبح mcitp or cisco certified
المصدر
