Diagram Designer is a simple vector graphics editor for creating flowcharts, UML class diagrams, illustrations and slide shows. It is a tiny freeware application created by Michael Vinther that will work on all versions of Windows 98/ME/2000/XP/Vista/7/8. This is a short list with most powerful features: customizable template object palette, spellchecker, import-export images (support for JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP, PCX, ICO, MNG, WMF, EMF), slide shower viewer, simple graph plotter (plot mathematical expressions, advanced pocket calculator (including equation solver), MeeSoft Image Analyzer integration (for bitmap image editing and extended file format support), compressed file format for minimizing drawing file size etc. You can change Diagram Designer language by downloading additionally dictionaries and other template palettes from the main page.
Diagram Designer Review
Note: There’s no need to mention the setup process as it took me exactly 5-7 seconds to install Diagram Designer on my computer. Also, I was unable to unzip other template palettes directly in Diagram Designer setup folder so if you encounter this error – create a different folder on your PC and load the template palettes from there – it will work.
If you need a free, fast tool to create flowcharts you have to try this application. As soon as I started Diagram Designer I realized that you can really create flowcharts as fast as possible if you’re in a hurry. All you have to do is to drag all kind of elements in your workspace, add text, delete, add, insert pictures, change background, border, set layer color, text alignment and so on until you get the desired result. At the end, you can save your work in several different, popular images format such as JPEG, PNG, GIF or you can run/save your work as a slideshow. My favorite feature is the ability to import more template palettes. All you have to do is to download a zip archive with all of them from this address or the main page here, unzip them somewhere in a folder and then load them in Diagram Designer.
Suddenly, you will have more template palettes for more electronic symbols, websites, electronic display devices, genograms, polygons, Cisco network topology icons and many others. If you need help, keep in mind that this program comes with an excellent help file that covers almost anything you need to know regarding this program. Just press “F1” inside the program or choose the Help section from its menu. Ultimately, this software is a superb masterpiece and a real time saver so if you think the same, please donate any amount to Mr. Michael Vinther the author of this software.
Managing users and groups can be tiresome; this is why Fedora provides tools and conventions to make this task easier to manage.
The easiest way to manage users and groups is through the graphical application, User Manager(system-config-users). For more information on User Manager, refer to Section 3.2, “User Manager Tool”.
The following command line tools can also be used to manage users and groups:
useradd, usermod, and userdel — Industry-standard methods of adding, deleting and modifying user accounts
groupadd, groupmod, and groupdel — Industry-standard methods of adding, deleting, and modifying user groups
gpasswd — Industry-standard method of administering the /etc/group file
pwck, grpck — Tools used for the verification of the password, group, and associated shadow files
pwconv, pwunconv — Tools used for the conversion of passwords to shadow passwords and back to standard passwords
3.3.1. Command Line Configuration
If you prefer command line tools or do not have the X Window System installed, use following to configure users and groups.
Adding a User
To add a user to the system:
Issue the useradd command to create a locked user account:
useraddusername
Unlock the account by issuing the passwd command to assign a password and set password aging guidelines:
comment can be replaced with any string. This option is generally used to specify the full name of a user.
-dhome_directory
Home directory to be used instead of default /home/username/.
-edate
Date for the account to be disabled in the format YYYY-MM-DD.
-fdays
Number of days after the password expires until the account is disabled. If 0 is specified, the account is disabled immediately after the password expires. If -1 is specified, the account is not be disabled after the password expires.
-ggroup_name
Group name or group number for the user’s default group. The group must exist prior to being specified here.
-Ggroup_list
List of additional (other than default) group names or group numbers, separated by commas, of which the user is a member. The groups must exist prior to being specified here.
-m
Create the home directory if it does not exist.
-M
Do not create the home directory.
-N
Do not create a user private group for the user.
-ppassword
The password encrypted with crypt.
-r
Create a system account with a UID less than 500 and without a home directory.
-s
User’s login shell, which defaults to /bin/bash.
-uuid
User ID for the user, which must be unique and greater than 499.
Adding a Group
To add a group to the system, use the command groupadd:
When used with -ggid and gid already exists, groupadd will choose another unique gid for the group.
-ggid
Group ID for the group, which must be unique and greater than 499.
-K, --keykey=value
Override /etc/login.defs defaults.
-o, --non-unique
Allow to create groups with duplicate.
-p, --passwordpassword
Use this encrypted password for the new group.
-r
Create a system group with a GID less than 500.
Password Aging
For security reasons, it is advisable to require users to change their passwords periodically. This can be done when adding or editing a user on the Password Info tab of the User Manager.
To configure password expiration for a user from a shell prompt, use the chage command with an option fromTable 3.3, “chage Command Line Options”, followed by the username.
Specifies the number of days since January 1, 1970 the password was changed.
-Edate
Specifies the date on which the account is locked, in the format YYYY-MM-DD. Instead of the date, the number of days since January 1, 1970 can also be used.
-Idays
Specifies the number of inactive days after the password expiration before locking the account. If the value is 0, the account is not locked after the password expires.
-l
Lists current account aging settings.
-mdays
Specify the minimum number of days after which the user must change passwords. If the value is 0, the password does not expire.
-Mdays
Specify the maximum number of days for which the password is valid. When the number of days specified by this option plus the number of days specified with the -d option is less than the current day, the user must change passwords before using the account.
-Wdays
Specifies the number of days before the password expiration date to warn the user.
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chage interactivity
If the chage command is followed directly by a username (with no options), it displays the current password aging values and allows them to be changed interactively.
You can configure a password to expire the first time a user logs in. This forces users to change passwords immediately.
Set up an initial password — There are two common approaches to this step: the administrator can assign a default password, or he can use a null password.
To assign a default password, type the following at a shell prompt:
passwdusername
To assign a null password instead, use the following command:
passwd-dusername
Avoid using null passwords whenever possible
Using a null password, while convenient, is a highly insecure practice, as any third party can log in first and access the system using the insecure username. Always make sure that the user is ready to log in before unlocking an account with a null password.
Force immediate password expiration — Type the following command:
chage-d0username
This command sets the value for the date the password was last changed to the epoch (January 1, 1970). This value forces immediate password expiration no matter what password aging policy, if any, is in place.
Upon the initial log in, the user is now prompted for a new password.
UNIX/Linux are ____ systems, which let many people simultaneously access and share the resources of a server computer. a. superuser c. multitasking b. peer-to-peer d. multiuser
d. multiuser
UNIX and Linux are ____ systems, which allow one user to execute more than one program at a time. a. server-based c. multitasking b. peer-to-peer d. multiuser
c. multitasking
____ is an Internet terminal emulation program.
c. Telnet
Currently, the ____ project, a joint effort of experts from industry, academia, and government, is working to standardize UNIX. a. POSIX c. ANSI b. BSD d. Ubuntu
a. POSIX
Stephen Bourne at AT&T Bell Labs developed the ____ shell as the first UNIX command processor. a. Bash c. C b. Bourne d. Korn
b. Bourne
Linux uses the freeware ____ shell as its default command interpreter. a. Bash c. C b. Bourne d. Korn
a. Bash
You can use the ____ command to show the system calendar. a. clndr c. cal b. syscal d. calendar
c. cal
To determine information about who is logged in, you can use the ____ command. a. whatis c. whois b. who d. whoami
b. who
In the Linux Bash shell, the ____ key combination moves the cursor to the previous letter. a. Ctrl+b c. Alt+l b. Alt+d d. Ctrl+a
a. Ctrl+b
In the Linux Bash shell, the ____ key combination deletes the content of the command line from the current cursor position to the end of the command line. a. Ctrl+b c. Ctrl+k b. Alt+d d. Ctrl+a
c. Ctrl+k
Argument
Text that provides UNIX/LINUX with additional information for executing a command. On the command line, an argument name follows an option name, and a space separates the two. Example are file and directory names.
Authentication
The process of verifying that a user is authorized to access a particular computer, server, network, or network resource, such as Telnet or FTP
Bash Shell
A UNIX/LINUX command interpreter (and the default Linux shell ) Incorporates the best features of the Bourne shell and the Korn shell. Its name is an acronym for Bourne Again Shell.
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)
A distribution of UNIX developed through the University of California at Berkeley, which first distirbuted the BSD UNIX version in 1975.
Bourne Shell
The first UNIX/Linux command interpreter, developed at AT&T Bell Labs by Stephen Bourne.
C Shell
A UNIX/Linux command interpreter designed for C programmers.
Case sensitive
A property that distinguishes uppercase letters from lowercase letters.
Client
A computer on a network running programs or accessing files from a mainframe, network server, or host computer.
Command
Text typed after the command line prompt which requests that the computer take a specific action.
Command Line
The onscreen location for typing commands.
Domain Name
A name that identifies a grouping of computer resources on a network. Internet-based domain names consist of three parts: a top-level domain, a sub domain and a host name.
FTP File Transfer Protocol
An internet protocol for sending and receiving files.
GUI
Software that transforms bitmaps into an infinite variety of images, so that when you use an operating system you see graphical images.
IP address
A set of four numbers separated by periods. and used to identify and access remote computers on a network or over the internet.
Kernal
The basic operating system, which interacts directly with the hardware and services user programs.
Kernel Mode
A means of accessing the kernel. Its use is limited to the system administrator to prevent unauthorized actions from interfering with the hardware that supports the entire UNIX / Linux structure.
Korn Shell
A UNIX/Linux command interpreter that offers more feature than the original Bourne shell. Developed by David Korn at AT&T Bell labs.
Log in
A process that protects privacy and safeguards a mulituser system by requiring each user to type a user name and password before using the system.
Mainframe
A large computer that has historically offered extensive processing, mass storage, and client access for industrial-strengthcp,computing. Mainframes are still in use today, but many have been replaced by PC-type computers that are designed as servers with powerful processing and disk storage capabilities.
Man Pages
The online manual pages for UNIX/Linux commands and programs that can be accessed by entering man plus the name of the command or program.
Multitasking System
A system in which many people can simultaneously access and share a server computer’s resources. To protect privacy and safeguard the system, each user must type a user name and password in order to user, or log in to, the system. UNIX and Linux are multiuser systems.
Network
A group of computers connected by network cable or wireless communications to allow many users to share computer’s resources and files. It combines and convience and familiarity of the personal computer with the processing power of a mainframe.
Operating System (OS)
The most fundamental computer program, it controls all the computer’s resources and provides the base upon which
Your Mac captures the entire screen and saves it as a file on the desktop. The file name will look like“Screen shot 2015-03-08 at 08.45.00 AM.png”.
How do I take a partial screenshot?
hold down
and
and press
=
Use your mouse to draw a rectangle in order to specify what to capture – or press the spacebar and then click on something (e.g. awindow) to capture it. Your Mac then saves it as a file on the desktop. The file name will look like“Screen shot 2015-03-08 at 08.45.00 AM.png”.
I don’t need a file. How can I have a screenshot in the clipboard instead?
hold down
together with any of the combinations above
=
Your Mac takes a screenshot and copies it to the clipboard (instead of saving it as a file).
I guess it’s in the clipboard now. How can I paste it into a document or something?
hold down
and press
=
Your Mac pastes the screenshot (that is in the clipboard) into a document or image you are currently editing.
Can you show me in a video?
I don’t like keyboard shortcuts. How can I take a screenshot using Preview?
How can I have my screenshots in other file formats than PNG?
With Preview (see previous question) you can save your screenshots in JPG, TIFF, PDF, and other file formats.
I need even more flexibility. How can I take screenshots using the command line (“Terminal”)?
try help: man screencapture
use delays: screencapture -T 10 ~/Desktop/screenshot.png
tab content 2
How do I take a screenshot?
press
=
Windows captures the entire screen and copies it to the (invisible) clipboard.
Where can I find that key?
Look for this group of keys at the upper right of your keyboard. Note: Print Screen (PrtScn) might have been abbreviated differently on your keyboard.
How do I take a screenshot of a single window?
hold down
and press
=
Windows captures only the currently active window and copies it to theclipboard.
I guess it’s in the clipboard now. How can I paste it into a document or something?
hold down
and press
=
Windows pastes the screenshot (that is in the clipboard) into a document or image you are currently editing.
Where should I paste it? I just need a (graphics) file.
Start “Paint”
Paste
Save
Can you show me in a video?
Is there a dedicated program for taking screenshots? How can I find?
tab content 3
How do I take a screenshot on my iPad, iPhone or iPod touch?
press at onceHomeandSleep/Wake=The screen flashes white. Your device captures the entire screen and saves it as a photo.
Where do I find my screenshots?
in thePhotosapp
I see no flash and no screenshots. It does not work. Why?
You need firmware 2.0 or later.
How do I take a screenshot on my Android device (e.g. smartphone or tablet)?
hold down at once
Volume Down
and
Power
for 1–2 seconds
=
The screen flashes white. Your device captures the entirescreen and saves it as a photo.
Where do I find my screenshots?
Look for a Screenshots folder in your Gallery or Photos app.
I see no flash and no screenshots. Is there something else I could try?
hold down at once
Home
and
Power
for 1–2 seconds
=
The screen flashes white. Your device captures the entirescreen and saves it as a photo.
It still does not work. Why?
On most devices you need Android 4.0 or later. However, you could try using an app instead.
خريج تقنية معلومات قسم الشبكات في كلية التقنية العليا بإمتياز مع مرتبة الشرف و موظف تقنية معلومات في مجال التعليم. حضرت عدة دورات لتحسين وتطوير المهارات اللازمة في مجال عملي وفي دراستي وغيرها من الدورات الشخصية لتطوير الذات.
من هواياتي تصميم المواقع الإلكترونية وادارتها و الدعم الفني.
Photosapp
