3.3. User and Group Management Tools

Mar 18, 2015 | ADMINISTRATION, Fedora, Fedora Command, HOWTO, Linux Command, SHELL

3.3. User and Group Management Tools

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3.3. User and Group Management Tools

Managing users and groups can be tiresome; this is why Fedora provides tools and conventions to make this task easier to manage.
The easiest way to manage users and groups is through the graphical application, User Manager(system-config-users). For more information on User Manager, refer to Section 3.2, “User Manager Tool”.
The following command line tools can also be used to manage users and groups:
  • useradd,usermod, anduserdel— Industry-standard methods of adding, deleting and modifying user accounts
  • groupadd,groupmod, andgroupdel— Industry-standard methods of adding, deleting, and modifying user groups
  • gpasswd— Industry-standard method of administering the/etc/groupfile
  • pwck,grpck— Tools used for the verification of the password, group, and associated shadow files
  • pwconv,pwunconv— Tools used for the conversion of passwords to shadow passwords and back to standard passwords

3.3.1. Command Line Configuration

If you prefer command line tools or do not have the X Window System installed, use following to configure users and groups.

Adding a User

To add a user to the system:
  1. Issue theuseraddcommand to create a locked user account:
    useradd username
  2.  Unlock the account by issuing thepasswdcommand to assign a password and set password aging guidelines:
    passwd username
Command line options foruseraddare detailed in Table 3.1, “useraddCommand Line Options”.
Table 3.1. useraddCommand Line Options
OPTION DESCRIPTION
-c ‘comment‘ commentcan be replaced with any string. This option is generally used to specify the full name of a user.
-d home_directory Home directory to be used instead of default/home/username/.
-e date Date for the account to be disabled in the format YYYY-MM-DD.
-f days Number of days after the password expires until the account is disabled. If0is specified, the account is disabled immediately after the password expires. If-1is specified, the account is not be disabled after the password expires.
-g group_name Group name or group number for the user’s default group. The group must exist prior to being specified here.
-G group_list List of additional (other than default) group names or group numbers, separated by commas, of which the user is a member. The groups must exist prior to being specified here.
-m Create the home directory if it does not exist.
-M Do not create the home directory.
-N Do not create a user private group for the user.
-p password The password encrypted withcrypt.
-r Create a system account with a UID less than 500 and without a home directory.
-s User’s login shell, which defaults to/bin/bash.
-u uid User ID for the user, which must be unique and greater than 499.

Adding a Group

To add a group to the system, use the commandgroupadd:
groupadd group_name
Command line options forgroupaddare detailed in Table 3.2, “groupaddCommand Line Options”.
Table 3.2. groupaddCommand Line Options
OPTION DESCRIPTION
-f,--force When used with-g gidandgidalready exists,groupaddwill choose another uniquegidfor the group.
-g gid Group ID for the group, which must be unique and greater than 499.
-K,--key key=value Override/etc/login.defsdefaults.
-o,--non-unique Allow to create groups with duplicate.
-p,--password password Use this encrypted password for the new group.
-r Create a system group with a GID less than 500.

Password Aging

For security reasons, it is advisable to require users to change their passwords periodically. This can be done when adding or editing a user on the Password Info tab of the User Manager.
To configure password expiration for a user from a shell prompt, use thechagecommand with an option fromTable 3.3, “chageCommand Line Options”, followed by the username.

Shadow passwords must be enabled to use chage

Shadow passwords must be enabled to use thechagecommand. For more information, see Section 3.7, “Shadow Passwords”.
Table 3.3. chageCommand Line Options
OPTION DESCRIPTION
-d days Specifies the number of days since January 1, 1970 the password was changed.
-E date Specifies the date on which the account is locked, in the format YYYY-MM-DD. Instead of the date, the number of days since January 1, 1970 can also be used.
-I days Specifies the number of inactive days after the password expiration before locking the account. If the value is0, the account is not locked after the password expires.
-l Lists current account aging settings.
-m days Specify the minimum number of days after which the user must change passwords. If the value is0, the password does not expire.
-M days Specify the maximum number of days for which the password is valid. When the number of days specified by this option plus the number of days specified with the-doption is less than the current day, the user must change passwords before using the account.
-W days Specifies the number of days before the password expiration date to warn the user.

chage interactivity

If thechagecommand is followed directly by a username (with no options), it displays the current password aging values and allows them to be changed interactively.
You can configure a password to expire the first time a user logs in. This forces users to change passwords immediately.
  1. Set up an initial password — There are two common approaches to this step: the administrator can assign a default password, or he can use a null password.
    To assign a default password, type the following at a shell prompt:
    passwd username
    To assign a null password instead, use the following command:
    passwd -d username

    Avoid using null passwords whenever possible

    Using a null password, while convenient, is a highly insecure practice, as any third party can log in first and access the system using the insecure username. Always make sure that the user is ready to log in before unlocking an account with a null password.
  2. Force immediate password expiration — Type the following command:
    chage -d 0 username
    This command sets the value for the date the password was last changed to the epoch (January 1, 1970). This value forces immediate password expiration no matter what password aging policy, if any, is in place.
Upon the initial log in, the user is now prompted for a new password.
3.3. User and Group Management Tools
3.3. User and Group Management Tools

تحرير

User and Group Management Tools

Mar 18, 2015 | Uncategorized

source

User and Group Management Tools

3.3. User and Group Management Tools

Managing users and groups can be tiresome; this is why Fedora provides tools and conventions to make this task easier to manage.
The easiest way to manage users and groups is through the graphical application, User Manager(system-config-users). For more information on User Manager, refer to Section 3.2, “User Manager Tool”.
The following command line tools can also be used to manage users and groups:
  • useradd, usermod, and userdel — Industry-standard methods of adding, deleting and modifying user accounts
  • groupadd, groupmod, and groupdel — Industry-standard methods of adding, deleting, and modifying user groups
  • gpasswd — Industry-standard method of administering the /etc/group file
  • pwck, grpck — Tools used for the verification of the password, group, and associated shadow files
  • pwconv, pwunconv — Tools used for the conversion of passwords to shadow passwords and back to standard passwords

3.3.1. Command Line Configuration

 

If you prefer command line tools or do not have the X Window System installed, use following to configure users and groups.

Adding a User

To add a user to the system:

 

  1. Issue the useradd command to create a locked user account:
    useradd username
  2. Unlock the account by issuing the passwd command to assign a password and set password aging guidelines:
    passwd username
Command line options for useradd are detailed in Table 3.1, “useradd Command Line Options”.
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Table 3.1. useradd Command Line Options
Option Description
-c ‘comment‘ comment can be replaced with any string. This option is generally used to specify the full name of a user.
-d home_directory Home directory to be used instead of default /home/username/.
-e date Date for the account to be disabled in the format YYYY-MM-DD.
-f days Number of days after the password expires until the account is disabled. If 0 is specified, the account is disabled immediately after the password expires. If -1 is specified, the account is not be disabled after the password expires.
-g group_name Group name or group number for the user’s default group. The group must exist prior to being specified here.
-G group_list List of additional (other than default) group names or group numbers, separated by commas, of which the user is a member. The groups must exist prior to being specified here.
-m Create the home directory if it does not exist.
-M Do not create the home directory.
-N Do not create a user private group for the user.
-p password The password encrypted with crypt.
-r Create a system account with a UID less than 500 and without a home directory.
-s User’s login shell, which defaults to /bin/bash.
-u uid User ID for the user, which must be unique and greater than 499.

 

Adding a Group

 

To add a group to the system, use the command groupadd:
groupadd group_name
Command line options for groupadd are detailed in Table 3.2, “groupadd Command Line Options”.
Table 3.2. groupadd Command Line Options
Option Description
-f, --force When used with -g gid and gid already exists, groupadd will choose another unique gid for the group.
-g gid Group ID for the group, which must be unique and greater than 499.
-K, --key key=value Override /etc/login.defs defaults.
-o, --non-unique Allow to create groups with duplicate.
-p, --password password Use this encrypted password for the new group.
-r Create a system group with a GID less than 500.

 

Password Aging

 

For security reasons, it is advisable to require users to change their passwords periodically. This can be done when adding or editing a user on the Password Info tab of the User Manager.
To configure password expiration for a user from a shell prompt, use the chage command with an option fromTable 3.3, “chage Command Line Options”, followed by the username.

Shadow passwords must be enabled to use chage

Shadow passwords must be enabled to use the chage command. For more information, see Section 3.7, “Shadow Passwords”.
Table 3.3. chage Command Line Options
Option Description
-d days Specifies the number of days since January 1, 1970 the password was changed.
-E date Specifies the date on which the account is locked, in the format YYYY-MM-DD. Instead of the date, the number of days since January 1, 1970 can also be used.
-I days Specifies the number of inactive days after the password expiration before locking the account. If the value is 0, the account is not locked after the password expires.
-l Lists current account aging settings.
-m days Specify the minimum number of days after which the user must change passwords. If the value is 0, the password does not expire.
-M days Specify the maximum number of days for which the password is valid. When the number of days specified by this option plus the number of days specified with the -d option is less than the current day, the user must change passwords before using the account.
-W days Specifies the number of days before the password expiration date to warn the user.
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chage interactivity

If the chage command is followed directly by a username (with no options), it displays the current password aging values and allows them to be changed interactively.
You can configure a password to expire the first time a user logs in. This forces users to change passwords immediately.
  1. Set up an initial password — There are two common approaches to this step: the administrator can assign a default password, or he can use a null password.
    To assign a default password, type the following at a shell prompt:
    passwd username
    To assign a null password instead, use the following command:
    passwd -d username

    Avoid using null passwords whenever possible

    Using a null password, while convenient, is a highly insecure practice, as any third party can log in first and access the system using the insecure username. Always make sure that the user is ready to log in before unlocking an account with a null password.
  2. Force immediate password expiration — Type the following command:
    chage -d 0 username
    This command sets the value for the date the password was last changed to the epoch (January 1, 1970). This value forces immediate password expiration no matter what password aging policy, if any, is in place.
Upon the initial log in, the user is now prompted for a new password.
3.3. User and Group Management Tools
3.3. User and Group Management Tools
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Delete user, remove user on Linux Fedora, using userdel command

Delete user, remove user on Linux Fedora, using userdel command

Mar 18, 2015 | delete user, Fedora Command, finger command, Linux Command, remove user, system management commands, userdel command


Delete user, remove user on Linux Fedora, using userdel command


The deluser command can be very useful to remove user account or todelete user account on Linux Fedora machine.  The article below show the step by step to remove user or some say to delete user for Linux Fedora machine.
Command use:
# finger [username] <– Verify user account on the Linux system
# userdel [username] <– Remove user account from Linux system
# userdel -r [username] <– Delete user account, remove home directory including their files and remove mail spool
Verify the existents of user with username john on the system:
Verify Linux user account exist on the system
[root@fedora ~]# finger john
Login: john Name: (null)
Directory: /home/john Shell: /bin/bash
Never logged in.
No mail.
No Plan.
[root@fedora ~]#
Remove user account or delete user account.
Romove user account from Linux system
[root@fedora ~]# userdel john
[root@fedora ~]#
Remove user or delete user account along with their user home directory and user mail spool.
Delete user account from Linux system
[root@fedora ~]# userdel -r john
[root@fedora ~]#
Verify the user deleted from the system.
View information of user account
[root@fedora ~]# finger john
finger: john: no such user.
[root@fedora ~]#
Sorry mate:   No deluser command available right now… maybe soon…
[root@fedora ~]# deluser
-bash: deluser: command not found
[root@fedora ~]#

الفيرموير الخاص بالآيفون والآيباد

Mar 17, 2015 | firmware, Information Center, ipad, iPhone, restore, آيباد, آيفون, استعادة, ملفات النظام

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كل الفيرموير الخاص بالآيفون و الآيباد

 

جميع وصلات الفيرموير للأي فون و الأي بود – الوصلات من موقع آبل

 

 الآي-فون

استخدم هذا الجدول لتجد معرف الآي-فون برقم الموديل

Generation

Model

Variant

Identifier
iPhone 2G A1203 GSM iPhone1,1
iPhone 3G A1241 GSM iPhone1,2
A1324 GSM iPhone1,2
iPhone 3GS A1303 GSM iPhone2,1
A1325 GSM iPhone2,1
iPhone 4 A1332 GSM iPhone3,1
? GSM Rev A iPhone3,2
A1349 CDMA iPhone3,3
iPhone 4S A1387 GSM+CDMA iPhone4,1
A1431 GSM+CDMA iPhone4,1
iPhone 5 A1428 GSM iPhone5,1
A1429 GSM+CDMA iPhone5,2
A1442 GSM+CDMA iPhone5,2
iPhone 5s A1433 GSM iPhone6,1
A1533 GSM iPhone6,1
A1457 GSM+CDMA iPhone6,2
A1518 GSM+CDMA iPhone6,2
A1528 GSM+CDMA iPhone6,2
A1530 GSM+CDMA iPhone6,2
iPhone 5c A1456 GSM iPhone5,3
A1532 GSM iPhone5,3
A1507 GSM+CDMA iPhone5,4
A1516 GSM+CDMA iPhone5,4
A1526 GSM+CDMA iPhone5,4
A1529 GSM+CDMA iPhone5,4
iPhone 6 Plus A1522 GSM/North America iPhone7,1
A1522 CDMA/Verizon iPhone7,1
A1524 Global/Sprint/A1586 iPhone7,1
A1593 China Mobile iPhone7,1
iPhone 6 A1549 GSM/North America iPhone7,2
A1549 CDMA/Verizon iPhone7,2
A1586 Global/Sprint/A1586 iPhone7,2
A1589 China Mobile iPhone7,2

1.0.0: iPhone1,1_1.0_1A543a_Restore.ipsw
1.0.1: iPhone1,1_1.0.1_1C25_Restore.ipsw
1.0.2: iPhone1,1_1.0.2_1C28_Restore.ipsw
1.1.1: iPhone1,1_1.1.1_3A109a_Restore.ipsw
1.1.2: iPhone1,1_1.1.2_3B48b_Restore.ipsw
1.1.3: iPhone1,1_1.1.3_4A93_Restore.ipsw
1.1.4: iPhone1,1_1.1.4_4A102_Restore.ipsw
2.0.0 (2G): iPhone1,1_2.0_5A347_Restore.ipsw
2.0.0 (3G): iPhone1,2_2.0_5A347_Restore.ipsw
2.0.1 (2G): iPhone1,1_2.0.1_5B108_Restore.ipsw
2.0.1 (3G): iPhone1,2_2.0.1_5B108_Restore.ipsw
2.0.2 (2G): iPhone1,1_2.0.2_5C1_Restore.ipsw
2.0.2 (3G): iPhone1,2_2.0.2_5C1_Restore.ipsw
2.1.0 (2G): iPhone1,1_2.1_5F136_Restore.ipsw
2.1.0 (3G): iPhone1,2_2.1_5F136_Restore.ipsw
2.2.0 (2G): iPhone1,1_2.2_5G77_Restore.ipsw
2.2.0 (3G): iPhone1,2_2.2_5G77_Restore.ipsw
2.2.1 (2G): iPhone1,1_2.2.1_5H1_Restore.ipsw
2.2.1 (3G): iPhone1,2_2.2.1_5H11_Restore.ipsw
3.0.0 (2G): iPhone1,1_3.0_7A341_Restore.ipsw
3.0.0 (3G): iPhone1,2_3.0_7A341_Restore.ipsw
3.0.0 (3GS): iPhone2,1_3.0_7A341_Restore.ipsw
3.0.1 (2G): iPhone1,1_3.0.1_7A400_Restore.ipsw
3.0.1 (3G): iPhone1,2_3.0.1_7A400_Restore.ipsw
3.0.1 (3GS): iPhone2,1_3.0.1_7A400_Restore.ipsw
3.1.0 (2G): iPhone1,1_3.1_7C144_Restore.ipsw
3.1.0 (3G): iPhone1,2_3.1_7C144_Restore.ipsw
3.1.0 (3GS): iPhone2,1_3.1_7C144_Restore.ipsw
3.1.2 (2G): iPhone1,1_3.1.2_7D11_Restore.ipsw
3.1.2 (3G): iPhone1,2_3.1.2_7D11_Restore.ipsw
3.1.2 (3GS): iPhone2,1_3.1.2_7D11_Restore.ipsw
3.1.3 (2G): iPhone1,1_3.1.3_7E18_Restore.ipsw
3.1.3 (3G): iPhone1,2_3.1.3_7E18_Restore.ipsw
3.1.3 (3GS): iPhone2,1_3.1.3_7E18_Restore.ipsw
4.0.0 (3G): iPhone1,2_4.0_8A293_Restore.ipsw
4.0.0 (3GS): iPhone2,1_4.0_8A293_Restore.ipsw
4.0.0 (4): iPhone3,1_4.0_8A293_Restore.ipsw
4.0.1 (3G): iPhone1,2_4.0.1_8A306_Restore.ipsw
4.0.1 (3GS): iPhone2,1_4.0.1_8A306_Restore.ipsw
4.0.1 (4): iPhone3,1_4.0.1_8A306_Restore.ipsw
4.0.2 (3G): iPhone1,2_4.0.2_8A400_Restore.ipsw
4.0.2 (3GS): iPhone2,1_4.0.2_8A400_Restore.ipsw
4.0.2 (4): iPhone3,1_4.0.2_8A400_Restore.ipsw
4.1.0 (3G): iPhone1,2_4.1_8B117_Restore.ipsw
4.1.0 (3GS): iPhone2,1_4.1_8B117_Restore.ipsw
4.1.0 (4): iPhone3,1_4.1_8B117_Restore.ipsw
4.2.1 (3G): iPhone1,2_4.2.1_8C148_Restore.ipsw
4.2.1 (3GS): iPhone2,1_4.2.1_8C148a_Restore.ipsw
4.2.1 (4): iPhone3,1_4.2.1_8C148_Restore.ipsw
4.2.6 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_4.2.10_8E600_Restore.ipsw
4.3.0 (3GS): iPhone2,1_4.3_8F190_Restore.ipsw
4.3.0 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_4.3_8F190_Restore.ipsw
4.3.1 (3GS): iPhone2,1_4.3.1_8G4_Restore.ipsw
4.3.1 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_4.3.1_8G4_Restore.ipsw
4.3.2 (3GS): iPhone2,1_4.3.2_8H7_Restore.ipsw
4.3.2 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_4.3.2_8H7_Restore.ipsw
4.2.7 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_4.2.7_8E303_Restore.ipsw
4.2.8 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_4.2.8_8E401_Restore.ipsw
4.3.3 (3GS): iPhone2,1_4.3.3_8J2_Restore.ipsw
4.3.3 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_4.3.3_8J2_Restore.ipsw
4.2.9 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_4.2.9_8E501_Restore.ipsw
4.3.4 (3GS): iPhone2,1_4.3.4_8K2_Restore.ipsw
4.3.4 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_4.3.4_8K2_Restore.ipsw
4.2.10 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_4.2.10_8E600_Restore.ipsw
4.3.5 (3GS): iPhone2,1_4.3.5_8L1_Restore.ipsw
4.3.5 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_4.3.5_8L1_Restore.ipsw
5.0 (3GS): iPhone2,1_5.0_9A334_Restore.ipsw
5.0 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_5.0_9A334_Restore.ipsw
5.0 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_5.0_9A334_Restore.ipsw
5.0 (4S): iPhone4,1_5.0_9A334_Restore.ipsw
5.0.1 (3GS): iPhone2,1_5.0.1_9A405_Restore.ipsw
5.0.1 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_5.0.1_9A405_Restore.ipsw
5.0.1 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_5.0.1_9A405_Restore.ipsw
5.0.1 (4S): iPhone4,1_5.0.1_9A405_Restore.ipsw
5.0.1 (4S) [9A406]: iPhone4,1_5.0.1_9A406_Restore.ipsw
5.1.0 (3GS): iPhone2,1_5.1_9B176_Restore.ipsw
5.1.0 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_5.1_9B176_Restore.ipsw
5.1.0 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_5.1_9B176_Restore.ipsw
5.1.0 (4S): iPhone4,1_5.1_9B179_Restore.ipsw
5.1.1 (3GS): iPhone2,1_5.1.1_9B206_Restore.ipsw
5.1.1 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_5.1.1_9B206_Restore.ipsw
5.1.1 (4 GSM Build 9B208): iPhone3,1_5.1.1_9B208_Restore.ipsw
5.1.1 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_5.1.1_9B206_Restore.ipsw
5.1.1 (4S): iPhone4,1_5.1.1_9B206_Restore.ipsw
6.0.0 (3GS): iPhone2,1_6.0_10A403_Restore.ipsw
6.0.0 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_6.0_10A403_Restore.ipsw
6.0.0 (4): iPhone3,2_6.0_10A403_Restore.ipsw
6.0.0 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_6.0_10A403_Restore.ipsw
6.0.0 (4S): iPhone4,1_6.0_10A403_Restore.ipsw
6.0.0 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_6.0_10A405_Restore.ipsw
6.0.0 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_6.0_10A405_Restore.ipsw
6.0.1 (3GS): iPhone2,1_6.0.1_10A523_Restore.ipsw
6.0.1 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_6.0.1_10A523_Restore.ipsw
6.0.1 (4): iPhone3,2_6.0.1_10A523_Restore.ipsw
6.0.1 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_6.0.1_10A523_Restore.ipsw
6.0.1 (4S): iPhone4,1_6.0.1_10A523_Restore.ipsw
6.0.1 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_6.0.1_10A525_Restore.ipsw
6.0.1 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_6.0.1_10A525_Restore.ipsw
6.0.2 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_6.0.2_10A551_Restore.ipsw
6.0.2 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_6.0.2_10A551_Restore.ipsw
6.1.0 (3GS): iPhone2,1_6.1_10B141_Restore.ipsw
6.1.0 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_6.1_10B144_Restore.ipsw
6.1.0 (4): iPhone3,2_6.1_10B144_Restore.ipsw
6.1.0 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_6.1_10B141_Restore.ipsw
6.1.0 (4S): iPhone4,1_6.1_10B142_Restore.ipsw
6.1.0 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_6.1_10B143_Restore.ipsw
6.1.0 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_6.1_10B143_Restore.ipsw
6.1.1 (4S): iPhone4,1_6.1.1_10B145_Restore.ipsw
6.1.2 (3GS): iPhone2,1_6.1.2_10B146_Restore.ipsw
6.1.2 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_6.1.2_10B146_Restore.ipsw
6.1.2 (4): iPhone3,2_6.1.2_10B146_Restore.ipsw
6.1.2 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_6.1.2_10B146_Restore.ipsw
6.1.2 (4S): iPhone4,1_6.1.2_10B146_Restore.ipsw
6.1.2 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_6.1.2_10B146_Restore.ipsw
6.1.2 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_6.1.2_10B146_Restore.ipsw
6.1.3 (3GS): iPhone2,1_6.1.3_10B329_Restore.ipsw
6.1.3 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_6.1.3_10B329_Restore.ipsw
6.1.3 (4): iPhone3,2_6.1.3_10B329_Restore.ipsw
6.1.3 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_6.1.3_10B329_Restore.ipsw
6.1.3 (4S): iPhone4,1_6.1.3_10B329_Restore.ipsw
6.1.3 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_6.1.3_10B329_Restore.ipsw
6.1.3 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_6.1.3_10B329_Restore.ipsw
6.1.4 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_6.1.4_10B350_Restore.ipsw
6.1.4 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_6.1.4_10B350_Restore.ipsw
6.1.6 (3GS): iPhone2,1_6.1.6_10B500_Restore.ipsw
7.0.0 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_7.0_11A465_Restore.ipsw
7.0.0 (4 8GB): iPhone3,2_7.0_11A465_Restore.ipsw
7.0.0 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_7.0_11A465_Restore.ipsw
7.0.0 (4S): iPhone4,1_7.0_11A465_Restore.ipsw
7.0.0 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_7.0_11A465_Restore.ipsw
7.0.0 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_7.0_11A465_Restore.ipsw
7.0.1 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_7.0.1_11A470a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.1 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_7.0.1_11A470a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.1 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_7.0.1_11A470a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.1 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_7.0.1_11A470a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.2 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_7.0.2_11A501_Restore.ipsw
7.0.2 (4 8GB): iPhone3,2_7.0.2_11A501_Restore.ipsw
7.0.2 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_7.0.2_11A501_Restore.ipsw
7.0.2 (4S): iPhone4,1_7.0.2_11A501_Restore.ipsw
7.0.2 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_7.0.2_11A501_Restore.ipsw
7.0.2 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_7.0.2_11A501_Restore.ipsw
7.0.2 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_7.0.2_11A501_Restore.ipsw
7.0.2 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_7.0.2_11A501_Restore.ipsw
7.0.2 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_7.0.2_11A501_Restore.ipsw
7.0.2 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_7.0.2_11A501_Restore.ipsw
7.0.3 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_7.0.3_11B511_Restore.ipsw
7.0.3 (4 8GB): iPhone3,2_7.0.3_11B511_Restore.ipsw
7.0.3 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_7.0.3_11B511_Restore.ipsw
7.0.3 (4S): iPhone4,1_7.0.3_11B511_Restore.ipsw
7.0.3 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_7.0.3_11B511_Restore.ipsw
7.0.3 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_7.0.3_11B511_Restore.ipsw
7.0.3 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_7.0.3_11B511_Restore.ipsw
7.0.3 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_7.0.3_11B511_Restore.ipsw
7.0.3 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_7.0.3_11B511_Restore.ipsw
7.0.3 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_7.0.3_11B511_Restore.ipsw
7.0.4 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_7.0.4_11B554a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.4 (4 8GB): iPhone3,2_7.0.4_11B554a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.4 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_7.0.4_11B554a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.4 (4S): iPhone4,1_7.0.4_11B554a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.4 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_7.0.4_11B554a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.4 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_7.0.4_11B554a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.4 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_7.0.4_11B554a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.4 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_7.0.4_11B554a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.4 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_7.0.4_11B554a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.4 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_7.0.4_11B554a_Restore.ipsw
7.0.5 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_7.0.5_11B601_Restore.ipsw
7.0.5 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_7.0.5_11B601_Restore.ipsw
6.1.6 (3GS): iPhone2,1_6.1.6_10B500_Restore.ipsw
7.0.6 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_7.0.6_11B651_Restore.ipsw
7.0.6 (4 8GB): iPhone3,2_7.0.6_11B651_Restore.ipsw
7.0.6 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_7.0.6_11B651_Restore.ipsw
7.0.6 (4S): iPhone4,1_7.0.6_11B651_Restore.ipsw
7.0.6 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_7.0.6_11B651_Restore.ipsw
7.0.6 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_7.0.6_11B651_Restore.ipsw
7.0.6 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_7.0.6_11B651_Restore.ipsw
7.0.6 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_7.0.6_11B651_Restore.ipsw
7.0.6 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_7.0.6_11B651_Restore.ipsw
7.0.6 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_7.0.6_11B651_Restore.ipsw
7.1.0 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_7.1_11D169_Restore.ipsw
7.1.0 (4 8GB): iPhone3,2_7.1_11D169_Restore.ipsw
7.1.0 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_7.1_11D167_Restore.ipsw
7.1.0 (4S): iPhone4,1_7.1_11D167_Restore.ipsw
7.1.0 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_7.1_11D167_Restore.ipsw
7.1.0 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_7.1_11D167_Restore.ipsw
7.1.0 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_7.1_11D167_Restore.ipsw
7.1.0 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_7.1_11D167_Restore.ipsw
7.1.0 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_7.1_11D167_Restore.ipsw
7.1.0 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_7.1_11D167_Restore.ipsw
7.1.1 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_7.1.1_11D201_Restore.ipsw
7.1.1 (4 8GB): iPhone3,2_7.1.1_11D201_Restore.ipsw
7.1.1 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_7.1.1_11D201_Restore.ipsw
7.1.1 (4S): iPhone4,1_7.1.1_11D201_Restore.ipsw
7.1.1 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_7.1.1_11D201_Restore.ipsw
7.1.1 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_7.1.1_11D201_Restore.ipsw
7.1.1 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_7.1.1_11D201_Restore.ipsw
7.1.1 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_7.1.1_11D201_Restore.ipsw
7.1.1 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_7.1.1_11D201_Restore.ipsw
7.1.1 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_7.1.1_11D201_Restore.ipsw
7.1.2 (4 GSM): iPhone3,1_7.1.2_11D257_Restore.ipsw
7.1.2 (4 8GB): iPhone3,2_7.1.2_11D257_Restore.ipsw
7.1.2 (4 CDMA): iPhone3,3_7.1.2_11D257_Restore.ipsw
7.1.2 (4S): iPhone4,1_7.1.2_11D257_Restore.ipsw
7.1.2 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_7.1.2_11D257_Restore.ipsw
7.1.2 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_7.1.2_11D257_Restore.ipsw
7.1.2 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_7.1.2_11D257_Restore.ipsw
7.1.2 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_7.1.2_11D257_Restore.ipsw
7.1.2 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_7.1.2_11D257_Restore.ipsw
7.1.2 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_7.1.2_11D257_Restore.ipsw
8.0.0 (4S): iPhone4,1_8.0_12A365_Restore.ipsw
8.0.0 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_8.0_12A365_Restore.ipsw
8.0.0 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_8.0_12A365_Restore.ipsw
8.0.0 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_8.0_12A365_Restore.ipsw
8.0.0 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_8.0_12A365_Restore.ipsw
8.0.0 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_8.0_12A365_Restore.ipsw
8.0.0 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_8.0_12A365_Restore.ipsw
8.0.0 (6+): iPhone7,1_8.0_12A366_Restore.ipsw
8.0.0 (6): iPhone7,2_8.0_12A365_Restore.ipsw
8.0.1 (4S): iPhone4,1_8.0.1_12A402_Restore.ipsw
8.0.1 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_8.0.1_12A402_Restore.ipsw
8.0.1 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_8.0.1_12A402_Restore.ipsw
8.0.1 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_8.0.1_12A402_Restore.ipsw
8.0.1 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_8.0.1_12A402_Restore.ipsw
8.0.1 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_8.0.1_12A402_Restore.ipsw
8.0.1 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_8.0.1_12A402_Restore.ipsw
8.0.1 (6+): iPhone7,1_8.0.1_12A402_Restore.ipsw
8.0.1 (6): iPhone7,2_8.0.1_12A402_Restore.ipsw
8.0.2 (4S): iPhone4,1_8.0.2_12A405_Restore.ipsw
8.0.2 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_8.0.2_12A405_Restore.ipsw
8.0.2 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_8.0.2_12A405_Restore.ipsw
8.0.2 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_8.0.2_12A405_Restore.ipsw
8.0.2 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_8.0.2_12A405_Restore.ipsw
8.0.2 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_8.0.2_12A405_Restore.ipsw
8.0.2 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_8.0.2_12A405_Restore.ipsw
8.0.2 (6+): iPhone7,1_8.0.2_12A405_Restore.ipsw
8.0.2 (6): iPhone7,2_8.0.2_12A405_Restore.ipsw
8.1.0 (4S): iPhone4,1_8.1_12B411_Restore.ipsw
8.1.0 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_8.1_12B411_Restore.ipsw
8.1.0 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_8.1_12B411_Restore.ipsw
8.1.0 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_8.1_12B411_Restore.ipsw
8.1.0 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_8.1_12B411_Restore.ipsw
8.1.0 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_8.1_12B411_Restore.ipsw
8.1.0 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_8.1_12B411_Restore.ipsw
8.1.0 (6+): iPhone7,1_8.1_12B411_Restore.ipsw
8.1.0 (6): iPhone7,2_8.1_12B411_Restore.ipsw
8.1.1 (4S): iPhone4,1_8.1.1_12B435_Restore.ipsw
8.1.1 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_8.1.1_12B435_Restore.ipsw
8.1.1 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_8.1.1_12B435_Restore.ipsw
8.1.1 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_8.1.1_12B435_Restore.ipsw
8.1.1 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_8.1.1_12B435_Restore.ipsw
8.1.1 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_8.1.1_12B435_Restore.ipsw
8.1.1 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_8.1.1_12B435_Restore.ipsw
8.1.1 (6+): iPhone7,1_8.1.1_12B436_Restore.ipsw
8.1.1 (6): iPhone7,2_8.1.1_12B436_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (4S): iPhone4,1_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (6+): iPhone7,1_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (6): iPhone7,2_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (4S): iPhone4,1_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (5 GSM): iPhone5,1_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (5 GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,2_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (5c GSM): iPhone5,3_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (5c GSM+CDMA): iPhone5,4_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (5s GSM): iPhone6,1_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (5s GSM+CDMA): iPhone6,2_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (6+): iPhone7,1_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (6): iPhone7,2_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw

الآي-باد (أخر الإصدارات)

8.1.2 (iPad 2 Wi-Fi): iPad2,1_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad 2 GSM): iPad2,2_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad 2 CDMA): iPad2,3_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad 2 New): iPad2,4_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Mini Wi-Fi): iPad2,5_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Mini GSM): iPad2,6_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Mini CDMA): iPad2,7_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad 3 Wi-Fi): iPad3,1_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad 3 CDMA): iPad3,2_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad 3 GSM): iPad3,3_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad 4 Wi-Fi): iPad3,4_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad 4 GSM): iPad3,5_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad 4 GSM+CDMA): iPad3,6_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Air Wi-Fi): iPad4,1_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Air Cellular): iPad4,2_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Air China): iPad4,3_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Mini 2 Wi-Fi): iPad4,4_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Mini 2 Cellular): iPad4,5_8.1.1_12B435_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Mini 2 China): iPad4,6_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Mini 3 Wi-Fi): iPad4,7_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Mini 3 Cellular): iPad4,8_8.1.1_12B436_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Mini 3 China): iPad4,9_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Air 2 Wi-Fi): iPad5,3_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (iPad Air 2 Cellular): iPad5,4_8.1.1_12B436_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad 2 Wi-Fi): iPad2,1_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad 2 GSM): iPad2,2_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad 2 CDMA): iPad2,3_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad 2 New): iPad2,4_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Mini Wi-Fi): iPad2,5_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Mini GSM): iPad2,6_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Mini CDMA): iPad2,7_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad 3 Wi-Fi): iPad3,1_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad 3 CDMA): iPad3,2_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad 3 GSM): iPad3,3_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad 4 Wi-Fi): iPad3,4_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad 4 GSM): iPad3,5_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad 4 GSM+CDMA): iPad3,6_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Air Wi-Fi): iPad4,1_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Air Cellular): iPad4,2_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Air China): iPad4,3_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Mini 2 Wi-Fi): iPad4,4_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Mini 2 Cellular): iPad4,5_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Mini 2 China): iPad4,6_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Mini 3 Wi-Fi): iPad4,7_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Mini 3 Cellular): iPad4,8_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Mini 3 China): iPad4,9_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Air 2 Wi-Fi): iPad5,3_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (iPad Air 2 Cellular): iPad5,4_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw

 الآي-بود

1.1: iPod1,1_1.1_3A101a_Restore.ipsw
1.1.1: iPod1,1_1.1.1_3A110a_Restore.ipsw
1.1.2: iPod1,1_1.1.2_3B48b_Restore.ipsw
1.1.3: iPod1,1_1.1.3_4A93_Restore.ipsw
1.1.4: iPod1,1_1.1.4_4A102_Restore.ipsw
1.1.5: iPod1,1_1.1.5_4B1_Restore.ipsw
2.0.1: iPod1,1_2.0.1_5B108_Restore.ipsw
2.2.0 (1G): iPod1,1_2.2_5G77_Restore.ipsw
2.2.0 (2G): iPod2,1_2.2_5G77a_Restore.ipsw
2.2.1 (2G): iPod2,1_2.2.1_5H11a_Restore.ipsw
3.1.2 (3G): iPod3,1_3.1.2_7D11_Restore.ipsw
3.1.3 (3G): iPod3,1_3.1.3_7E18_Restore.ipsw
4.0.0 (2G): iPod2,1_4.0_8A293_Restore.ipsw
4.0.0 (3G): iPod3,1_4.0_8A293_Restore.ipsw
4.0.2 (2G): iPod2,1_4.0.2_8A400_Restore.ipsw
4.0.2 (3G): iPod3,1_4.0.2_8A400_Restore.ipsw
4.1.0 (2G): iPod2,1_4.1_8B117_Restore.ipsw
4.1.0 (3G): iPod3,1_4.1_8B117_Restore.ipsw
4.1.0 (4G): iPod4,1_4.1_8B117_Restore.ipsw
4.2.1 (2G): iPod2,1_4.2.1_8C148_Restore.ipsw
4.2.1 (3G): iPod3,1_4.2.1_8C148_Restore.ipsw
4.2.1 (4G): iPod4,1_4.2.1_8C148_Restore.ipsw
4.3.0 (3G): iPod3,1_4.3_8F190_Restore.ipsw
4.3.0 (4G): iPod4,1_4.3_8F190_Restore.ipsw
4.3.1 (3G): iPod3,1_4.3.1_8G4_Restore.ipsw
4.3.1 (4G): iPod4,1_4.3.1_8G4_Restore.ipsw
4.3.2 (3G): iPod3,1_4.3.2_8H7_Restore.ipsw
4.3.2 (4G): iPod4,1_4.3.2_8H7_Restore.ipsw
4.3.3 (3G): iPod3,1_4.3.3_8J2_Restore.ipsw
4.3.3 (4G): iPod4,1_4.3.3_8J2_Restore.ipsw
4.3.4 (3G): iPod3,1_4.3.4_8K2_Restore.ipsw
4.3.4 (4G): iPod4,1_4.3.4_8K2_Restore.ipsw
4.3.5 (3G): iPod3,1_4.3.5_8L1_Restore.ipsw
4.3.5 (4G): iPod4,1_4.3.5_8L1_Restore.ipsw
5.0 (3G): iPod3,1_5.0_9A334_Restore.ipsw
5.0 (4G): iPod4,1_5.0_9A334_Restore.ipsw
5.0.1 (3G): iPod3,1_5.0.1_9A405_Restore.ipsw
5.0.1 (4G): iPod4,1_5.0.1_9A405_Restore.ipsw
5.1.0 (3G): iPod3,1_5.1_9B176_Restore.ipsw
5.1.0 (4G): iPod4,1_5.1_9B176_Restore.ipsw
5.1.1 (3G): iPod3,1_5.1.1_9B206_Restore.ipsw
5.1.1 (4G): iPod4,1_5.1.1_9B206_Restore.ipsw
6.0.0 (4G): iPod4,1_6.0_10A403_Restore.ipsw
6.0.0 (5G): iPod5,1_6.0_10A406_Restore.ipsw
6.0.1 (4G): iPod4,1_6.0.1_10A523_Restore.ipsw
6.0.1 (5G): iPod5,1_6.0.1_10A523_Restore.ipsw
6.1.0 (4G): iPod4,1_6.1_10B144_Restore.ipsw
6.1.0 (5G): iPod5,1_6.1_10B141_Restore.ipsw
6.1.2 (4G): iPod4,1_6.1.2_10B146_Restore.ipsw
6.1.2 (5G): iPod5,1_6.1.2_10B146_Restore.ipsw
6.1.3 (4G): iPod4,1_6.1.3_10B329_Restore.ipsw
6.1.3 (5G): iPod5,1_6.1.3_10B329_Restore.ipsw
7.0.0 (5G): iPod5,1_7.0_11A465_Restore.ipsw
7.0.2 (5G): iPod5,1_7.0.2_11A501_Restore.ipsw
7.0.3 (5G): iPod5,1_7.0.3_11B511_Restore.ipsw
6.1.5 (4G): iPod4,1_6.1.5_10B400_Restore.ipsw
7.0.4 (5G): iPod5,1_7.0.4_11B554a_Restore.ipsw
6.1.6 (4G): iPod4,1_6.1.6_10B500_Restore.ipsw
7.0.6 (5G): iPod5,1_7.0.6_11B651_Restore.ipsw
7.1.0 (5G): iPod5,1_7.1_11D167_Restore.ipsw
7.1.1 (5G): iPod5,1_7.1.1_11D201_Restore.ipsw
7.1.2 (5G): iPod5,1_7.1.2_11D257_Restore.ipsw
8.0.0 (5G): iPod5,1_8.0_12A365_Restore.ipsw
8.0.1 (5G): iPod5,1_8.0.1_12A402_Restore.ipsw
8.0.2 (5G): iPod5,1_8.0.2_12A405_Restore.ipsw
8.1.0 (5G): iPod5,1_8.1_12B411_Restore.ipsw
8.1.1 (5G): iPod5,1_8.1.1_12B435_Restore.ipsw
8.1.2 (5G): iPod5,1_8.1.2_12B440_Restore.ipsw
8.1.3 (5G): iPod5,1_8.1.3_12B466_Restore.ipsw

ملاحظة: الملفات التي بها CDMA هي لاجهزة أمريكا فقط وبعض البلاد التي تستخدم مثل هذا النظام كاليمن. تأكد من تنزيل نسخة ال GSM فهي في الغالب ما تريده

المصدر | iclarified | iPhoneHacks

 الفيرموير الخاص بالآيفون والآيباد

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الفيرموير الخاص بالآيفون والآيباد

Guide to Unix using Linux Key Terms Chp 1

Mar 10, 2015 | chapter 1, exam, Linux, Operation System, test 1, unix

 Guide to Unix using Linux Key Terms Chp 1

 

 

 

Terms Definitions

UNIX/Linux are ____ systems, which let many people simultaneously access and share the resources of a server computer.
a. superuser c. multitasking
b. peer-to-peer d. multiuser

d. multiuser
UNIX and Linux are ____ systems, which allow one user to execute more than one program at a time.
a. server-based c. multitasking
b. peer-to-peer d. multiuser

c. multitasking
____ is an Internet terminal emulation program.

c. Telnet
Currently, the ____ project, a joint effort of experts from industry, academia, and government, is working to standardize UNIX.
a. POSIX c. ANSI
b. BSD d. Ubuntu

a. POSIX
Stephen Bourne at AT&T Bell Labs developed the ____ shell as the first UNIX command processor.
a. Bash c. C
b. Bourne d. Korn

b. Bourne
Linux uses the freeware ____ shell as its default command interpreter.
a. Bash c. C
b. Bourne d. Korn

a. Bash
You can use the ____ command to show the system calendar.
a. clndr c. cal
b. syscal d. calendar

c. cal
To determine information about who is logged in, you can use the ____ command.
a. whatis c. whois
b. who d. whoami

b. who
In the Linux Bash shell, the ____ key combination moves the cursor to the previous letter.
a. Ctrl+b c. Alt+l
b. Alt+d d. Ctrl+a

a. Ctrl+b
In the Linux Bash shell, the ____ key combination deletes the content of the command line from the current cursor position to the end of the command line.
a. Ctrl+b c. Ctrl+k
b. Alt+d d. Ctrl+a

c. Ctrl+k

 

 

Argument

Text that provides UNIX/LINUX with additional information for executing a command. On the command line, an argument name follows an option name, and a space separates the two. Example are file and directory names.

Authentication

The process of verifying that a user is authorized to access a particular computer, server, network, or network resource, such as Telnet or FTP

 

Bash Shell

A UNIX/LINUX command interpreter (and the default Linux shell ) Incorporates the best features of the Bourne shell and the Korn shell. Its name is an acronym for Bourne Again Shell.

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)

A distribution of UNIX developed through the University of California at Berkeley, which first distirbuted the BSD UNIX version in 1975.

 

Bourne Shell

The first UNIX/Linux command interpreter, developed at AT&T Bell Labs by Stephen Bourne.

 

C Shell

A UNIX/Linux command interpreter designed for C programmers.

 

Case sensitive

A property that distinguishes uppercase letters from lowercase letters.



Client

A computer on a network running programs or accessing files from a mainframe, network server, or host computer.

 

Command

Text typed after the command line prompt which requests that the computer take a specific action.

Command Line

The onscreen location for typing commands.

 

Domain Name

A name that identifies a grouping of computer resources on a network. Internet-based domain names consist of three parts: a top-level domain, a sub domain and a host name.

FTP File Transfer Protocol

An internet protocol for sending and receiving files.

GUI

Software that transforms bitmaps into an infinite variety of images, so that when you use an operating system you see graphical images.

IP address

A set of four numbers separated by periods. and used to identify and access remote computers on a network or over the internet.

Kernal

The basic operating system, which interacts directly with the hardware and services user programs.

Kernel Mode

A means of accessing the kernel. Its use is limited to the system administrator to prevent unauthorized actions from interfering with the hardware that supports the entire UNIX / Linux structure.

Korn Shell

A UNIX/Linux command interpreter that offers more feature than the original Bourne shell. Developed by David Korn at AT&T Bell labs.

 

Log in

A process that protects privacy and safeguards a mulituser system by requiring each user to type a user name and password before using the system.

Mainframe

A large computer that has historically offered extensive processing, mass storage, and client access for industrial-strengthcp,computing. Mainframes are still in use today, but many have been replaced by PC-type computers that are designed as servers with powerful processing and disk storage capabilities.

 

Man Pages

The online manual pages for UNIX/Linux commands and programs that can be accessed by entering man plus the name of the command or program.

Multitasking System

A system in which many people can simultaneously access and share a server computer’s resources. To protect privacy and safeguard the system, each user must type a user name and password in order to user, or log in to, the system. UNIX and Linux are multiuser systems.

 

Network

A group of computers connected by network cable or wireless communications to allow many users to share computer’s resources and files. It combines and convience and familiarity of the personal computer with the processing power of a mainframe.

 

Operating System (OS)

The most fundamental computer program, it controls all the computer’s resources and provides the base upon which

Guide to Unix using Linux Key Terms Chp 1